The brake disc is the key to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains, and it is susceptible to wear and failure in the service process. The preparation of metal-based ceramic composite coatings by surface strengthening techniques such as laser cladding has become one of the ways to improve the wear resistance of material surfaces. In the braking process, the wear load and wear frequency of the brake disc increase in the transitioning from conventional braking to emergency braking, so it is valuable to study the wear mechanism under different wear conditions.