To improve the low corrosion and wear resistance caused by micro-pores in epoxy resin, nano-Fe3O4 was used as a filler to modify the epoxy resin. However, considering the poor dispersion and easy aggregation of the nano-Fe3O4 filler, this study used a silane coupling agent (APTES) to modify Fe3O4 and connect it to the lubricating layered molybdenum disulfide. Q235 steel was used as the substrate, polished and cleaned with sandpaper, and 1 wt.% Fe3O4-MoS2 with different molar ratios (3 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 5 and 1 : 7) was added to the epoxy resin to prepare composite coatings. The microstructure and phase composition of the hybrid filler were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet 6700). The dispersion of the filler in the epoxy resin was observed with a stereomicroscope (OM), and the microhardness of the coating was tested with a micro Vickers hardness tester (HV-1000STA). Wear tests were conducted on the surface multifunctional testing machine (MFT-4000), and the morphology of wear marks was observed and elemental analysis was performed. The corrosion resistance of the coating was comprehensively evaluated by water absorption rate, contact angle test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization tests.