The carbon brush is the only channel for the power supply of motor rotors in hydro turbine units, wind power, new energy vehicles, and other electric equipment. However, long-term service will lead to excessive wear of carbon blocks and serious "powder falling". In this paper, a surface texture modification technology was utilized on the copper surface to modify the wear properties and conductive properties. It was expected to propose a promising method for enhancing carbon brush performance. Here, the sliding current-carrying friction pairs consisted of copper rings and carbon blocks. Circular micro-textures with different texture density were prepared on the surface of the copper ring. The diameter of the texture was 200 μm and the depth was about 4.2 μm. The tribological and electrical contact properties of copper/carbon pairs were tested at 2 A and 400 r/min. The product of velocity and load per unit area (cm2) was 8.5 MPa m/s and the current density per unit area was about 10 A/cm2, the experimental parameters conformed to the engineering applications of the carbon brush. After the tests, an optical microscope, a white light interference 3D profiler and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the wear surface of copper and carbon. The results showed that with the increase of the surface texture density from 0% to 18%, the running time decreased from 36 min to 19 min, the wear amount of carbon block samples decreased from 7.95 mg to 5.42 mg, and the wear area of the carbon block sample decreased from 27.62 mm2 to 18.19 mm2. However, the average real-time contact resistance increased from 0.482 Ω to 1.340 Ω, the static contact resistance increased from 0.924 Ω to 1.189 Ω. 3D profiles of the copper surface showed that both the wear length and wear depth of carbon decreased, and the texture pits on copper were filled up after sliding. Energy dispersive spectrometer maps showed that the C/Cu atomic number fraction increased from 0.824 to 4.208 with the increase of texture density. The increase of carbon content in texture pits was greater than that in flat surface. The texture could promote the capability of collecting and storing carbon particles of the contact surface so that the carbon transfer film was easier to form. The increase in the density of the surface texture could diminish the run-in period of sliding and reduce the wear rate of carbon. Due to the destruction of the continuity of the copper surface by texturing and the weaker conductivity of the carbon transfer film compared with copper, the increase in texture density leaded to an increase in contact resistance. The test results showed that the texture of the copper surface was beneficial to improve the service life of carbon block samples, and might reduce the risk of short circuits due to "powder falling". While, the difference between friction wear performance and electrical contact performance should be comprehensively considered when applying surface texture to copper/carbon.