As a new green and environment-friendly material preparation technology, laser cladding technology expands the use of Inconel 718 alloy materials, but the non-equilibrium solidification process of cladding pool is often accompanied by the segregation of elements such as Nb and Mo, finally forming Laves phase. At the same time, the high-heat laser input is easy to coarsen the dendritic structure and reduce the mechanical properties of the coating. For this reason, the work aims to investigate the evolution mechanism of solidification heat transfer behavior of Inconel 718 alloy coating under pulsed laser to explore the effects of pulsed laser on element segregation, microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating, so as to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the quality of Inconel 718 cladding coating.