In the realm of aviation and aerospace, 7075 aluminum alloy has emerged as a pivotal choice for aircraft structural components, engine parts, and aerospace assemblies, owing to its remarkable attributes such as elevated strength and lightweight characteristics. However, confronted with intricate operational conditions, its components are often subject to elevated temperature, high pressure, and frequent load, rendering them susceptible to fractures and failures. Cryogenic treatment can enhance the dislocation density and crystalline structure of 7075 aluminum alloy, thereby bolstering its resistance to stress concentration and corrosion properties. In this paper, 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was selected as the research object, and its microstructure evolution, surface morphology and corrosion resistance were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), HRTEM, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical analysis. The present investigation delved into the influence of cutting speed on the microstructural evolution mechanism and corrosion resistance properties of both cryogenically treated and untreated 7075-T6 aluminum alloy.