The precision machining of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix (SiCp/Al) composite with high surface integrity of low damage is a key challenge to ensure the components performance in service. However, due to the different mechanical properties of Al matrix and SiC reinforced phase, the surface damage formation of SiCp/Al composites varies markedly compared with homogeneous metallic materials. In order to investigate the surface damage formation mechanism of SiCp/Al composites, a 2D cutting simulation and experimental test are conducted in the study.