High surface integrity plays a key role in determining the service performance of basic components such as gears. How to obtain components with high surface integrity has become a focus of engineering and academic research. In this study, the carburizing aviation gear steel AISI9310 was treated by conventional shot peening, dual shot peening, fine particle peening, barrel finishing, barrel finishing after shot peening and other gear high surface integrity strengthening processes. For the conventional shot peening, a total of 3 groups of shot peening process were subject to different peening intensity, which were set to 0.2, 0.35, 0.5 mmA. Dual shot peening equipment was adopted for conventional shot peening atshot diameter of 0.6 mm, shot peening coverage of 200%, shot peening intensity of 0.35 mmA, and thendual shot peening at shot diameter 0.4 mm, shot peening coverage of 200%, shot peening intensity of 0.2 mmA. In addition, for the fine particle peening, the material of the shot was cast steel with an average shot diameter of 0.05 mm. Shot peening intensity was 0.1 mmN, shot peening coverage was 200%. As for the barrel finishing, the XL 400 vertical swirl finishing machine was used to carry out the finishing process test. The spindle speed was 147 r/min and the drum speed was 47 r/min. The positive and negative rotation time of the spindle was the same for 30 min in the whole process, and the embedded depth of the parts was 150 mm. The abrasive was made of TP3×3 white corundum, the loading amount of the barrel grinding block was 80%, and the grinding agent was HA-PC (3% concentration). The grinding agent was mainly used for black metal finishing, which could prevent the generation of sludge and had good dispersion function. The pH value was 8.3, which played a role in corrosion prevention and cleaning. And it was expected to give an active anti fatigue design method. White light interferometer, X-ray diffraction stress meter and micro-hardness tester were used to characterize the surface integrity such as surface morphology, surface roughness, residual stress and micro-hardness of specimens under different processing conditions, and to explore the relationship between different processing parameters and surface integrity. The results showed that conventional shot peening increased the surface roughness Sa value from 0.68 μm to 0.96 μm in the grinding state, while it decreased to below 0.2 μm after barrel finishing, which would effectively avoid micro pitting, near surface peeling, scuffing and other failures. The residual compressive stress on the surface of particle shot peening was –1 300 MPa, which was 450 MPa and 800 MPa higher than that of conventional shot peening and grinding, respectively. Barrel finishing further increased the surface residual compressive stress amplitude to above -1 400 MPa. Dual shot peening and conventional shot peening could significantly improve the surface hardness, compared with the grinding state of 645HV increased to 718HV, 721HV. Double shot peening, fine particle shot peening, barrel finishing and other processes affect the service performance such as lubrication state, stress state, stress concentration, and failure risk through surface integrity, thus directly affecting the service performance of gears.