The latest research on quality improvement of cladding layers of refractory alloys mainly starts from the perspective of changing the powder ratio and testing the best parameters at present. In order to prepare high-quality and high-friction reduction performance CuPb10Sn10 cladding layers with practical application value, three different preparation methods were proposed from the perspective of improving the process based on the path principle generated by cladding defects, single-layer cladding method, top remelting method and layer-by-layer remelting method. The effect of remelting heat treatment on reducing cladding defects, phase distribution and friction reduction, and the effects of the three preparation methods on surface topography defects and porosity were analyzed. Based on ring laser cladding technology (LD), the laboratory’s self-made ring laser nozzle was adopted. According to the special energy distribution of the "saddle" type of annular laser, the principle of analysis and verification found that the annular spot had a promoting effect on the reduction of porosity during the cladding. The effects of different remelting power parameters and frequencies on the generation principle of three different types of surface defects and the pore escape path of different groups of samples were explored. Compared with the analysis on the surface quality, internal defects, shear strength and surface dry sliding friction coefficient of three groups of A, B and C, it was found that the increase in remelting power and the number of times were conducive to the increase of shear strength between the cladding layer and the substrate. This also reduced the internal porosity, with some group C samples even reaching 0.4%. Because the heat distribution of the layer-by-layer remelting method resulted in a more coherent level tension during the cladding, the cladding quality of the samples in Group C was optimal. The metallographic structure of the main three stages in preparation of the layer-by-layer remelting method was analyzed, and it was found that the phase distribution was gradually uniforming during the three stages, the growth trend of intergranular compounds was more obvious. The low melting point phases such as Pb and ε (Cu3Sn) were no longer in a clustered state. The segregation phenomenon that appeared made the low melting point phase gradually dense from the bottom to the top. It was also found that columnar dendrites appeared on the top of the solidified tissue, which was conducive to the improvement of friction reduction performance to a certain extent. After testing, it was found that the porosity of CuPb10Sn10 cladding layer prepared by the layer-by-layer remelting method was no higher than 0.5%. The friction coefficient of group C samples decreased by up to 75% compared with the surface of the original substrate, and the friction reduction effect was the best. Compared with the single-layer cladding method and the top remelting method proposed in this paper, the samples‘ surface and internal quality of layer-by-layer remelting method could be greatly improved, and the design of remelting heat treatment made great contributions to the improvement of sample shear strength and friction reduction effect. This paper provides inspiration for preventing and eliminating the defects of heterogeneous cladding, provides theoretical guidance for preparation of refractory alloy coatings, and successfully prepares high-quality anti-friction cladding layers.