In recent decades, superhydrophobic surface materials have attracted much attention due to their research and technological applications for self-cleaning, anti-wetting, oil-water separation, antifouling and antiseptic materials. Simultaneously, superhydrophobic surface materials can be exploited to study biological systems, greatly promote the advancement of biomedical testing technology. This review introduces the application research progress of superhydrophobic surface materials in the field of biomedical detection, focusing on the concentration and detection of trace molecules, separation of biological mixtures, precise positioning of nano-level molecules, controlled release of drugs, a combination of multiple spectroscopic methods, the nanometer droplet array, the prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, anti-platelet adhesion, and anticoagulation. A brief overview and analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages as well as current problems. The research of superhydrophobic surface materials in the field of biomedical testing is still in the development stage, and some of the theories still have conflicting views. Finally, it summarized the shortcomings of the existing superhydrophobic surface materials in the field of biomedical detection, and prospected the future research work, hoping to provide theoretical reference and theoretical basis for the research and development of superhydrophobic surface materials in the field of biomedical detection. At the same time, it provides new technologies and equipment for clinical diagnosis of diseases and realizes a personalized medical system.