Firstly, the paper introduces the strengthening mechanism of ultrasonic rolling:the grains are refined to nanometer level through the annihilation and generation of dislocations, and the grain refinement leads to dislocation stacking and entanglement, which increase the intergranular sliding resistance and the deformation resistance of materials; Furthermore, the paper summarizes the effects of ultrasonic rolling process parameters and surface integrity (surface morphology, residual stress and microstructure) on the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of bearing rings. Finally, in view of the shortcomings of single ultrasonic strengthening, the paper points out the development direction of the composite strengthening technology of ultrasonic rolling. Acoustic electric coupling can increase the plastic flow of surface material and heal micro cracks; The number of grain boundaries is increased by ultrasonic rolling, which provides diffusion channels for ions and increases the concentration and depth of ion implantation; The cavitation effect and mechanical effect caused by ultrasonic vibration make the elements of cladding layer more uniform and reduce the porosity of cladding layer. The composite strengthening can significantly improve the ultrasonic rolling strengthening effect, thereby further enhancing the strengthening effect of bearing rings.