The mechanical, physical and chemical properties of metal materials, such as wear resistance, erosion resistance, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, largely depend on the surface integrity of the material. As a new type of material post-processing technology, the ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology uses the method of coupling the preset initial static pressure and the dynamic ultrasonic impact force to complete the reciprocating processing of the material surface, achieving the smoothing effect of "cutting peaks and filling valleys". A deeper surface nanohardening layer and beneficial residual stress are obtained, they have unique advantages in improving the surface integrity of the material. In recent years, the research and application of ultrasonic rolling technology have become a research hotspot in the field of advanced manufacturing. Many scientific researchers and engineering technicians have deepened their research on the effective control of ultrasonic rolling process parameters and other process-assisted ultrasonic rolling composite processing technology. Research has achieved technological innovation in the preparation of high-performance materials and the remanufacturing of components. This paper introduces the research status and application of ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology at home and abroad, enumerates the shortcomings of the existing ultrasonic rolling surface strengthening technology, and looks forward to the future research direction.