With the continuous development of aerospace technology, the thrust-weight ratio of the engine continues to increase, and the hot end components of the turbine engine are in the face of a more severe and complex use environment. The temperature of the front air inlet of the turbine engine has exceeded the maximum operating temperature of the nickel-based superalloy, so it is necessary to protect the surface of the alloy to ensure that the heated end parts of the turbine engine can be used normally in hostile environment. Thermal barrier coating is a kind of surface technology applied to heating end parts of turbine engine, which is deposited on the surface of nickel-based superalloys to reduce the surface temperature of the substrate. The performance advantages of traditional yttria partially stabilized zirconia coatings are summarized, namely excellent thermal insulation performance, higher thermal expansion coefficient and fracture toughness. At the same time, the problems of yttria partially stabilized zirconia coatings in high temperature environments are summarized, including the premature failure of the coating caused by the phase transformation of zirconia and the sintering of the coating. On this basis, this paper focuses on the research progress of advanced ceramic materials used in thermal barrier coatings in recent years, including rare earth ceramic materials and self-healing materials. Among these materials, rare earth ceramic materials embrace rare earth doped zirconia, component doped and structurally designed rare earth zirconates, rare earth phosphates, three different structures of rare earth tantalates, high entropy rare earth ceramic materials and rare earth niobates, healing materials include molybdenum disilicide and titanium carbide. In terms of thermal shock life, high temperature thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, etc., various thermal barrier coating ceramic materials are summarized, and the current development deficiencies of each material are summarized. In conclusion, this paper prospects the development trend of thermal barrier coatings material.