This paper aims to strengthen the surface of GCr15SiMn bearing steel with a grinding state by different ultrasonic rolling processes, and studies the influence of ultrasonic rolling process on microstructures and properties of the surface. The main methods used that specimen surface and microstructure of cross-section were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface roughness and microhardness were respectively characterized by roughness and Vickers hardness meters; The differences in microstructures and properties of the ultrasonic rolling specimens processed by different current and static pressure were analyzed. The results showed that the original specimens could be classified into three categories:fine-grain layer without crack, fine-grain layer with crack and layer without fine-grain, according to the fine-grains layer and microcracks. After ultrasonic rolling processing, the three kinds of surface layers were preset by the plastic deformation layer, but the thickness of the plastic deformation layer was significantly different. The plastic deformation layer formed by the layer without fine-grain was the thickest, which was about 2 μm; The grinding furrow of the specimen’s surface became shallower, and the roughness was significantly improved, 67% lower than original roughness. The grinding microcracks of the specimen’s surface were expanded, and some surface machining fine grains were peeled off. The angle of the surface microcracks tip was smaller, and the surface defects were reduced; The uniformity of surface hardness distribution was improved and the surface hardening layer was preset, 2% higher than original surface hardness. The conclusion of the paper is that with the increase of current, the roughness is decreased, and the thickness and continuity of the plastic deformation layer are increased, and the hardness and thickness of the hardened layer remain basically unchanged; With the increase of static pressure, the hardness and thickness of the hardened layer are increased, and the thickness and continuity of the plastic deformation layer are increased, and the roughness remains basically unchanged.