The work aims to study the surface quality of high volume fraction SiCp/Al 2024 composite hole drilling and the edge defect morphology of entrance and exit, and to provide a theoretical basis for drilling. ABAQUS software is used to simulate the whole process of drilling on thin wall plate. A PCD bit with a diameter of 3 mm is used to drill the SiCp/Al composite thin wall parts with a volume fraction of 70%. A single factor experiment scheme is used to detect the edge defects of the machined surface of the composite by changing the spindle speed and feed speed. The correctness of finite element simulation is verified by drilling experiment. There are a lot of pits, cracks and scratches on the surface during the drilling of thin-wall holes. When the spindle speed N is 3000 r/min, 4000 r/min and 5000 r/min; the feed speed Vf is 0.05 m/min, 0.1075 m/min and 0.1 m/min, the roughness of the inner surface of the small hole is obviously improved with the increase of the spindle speed and feed speed. The feed speed is one of the main reasons to affect the quality of drilling edge defects. With the increase of feeding speed, the defect of fracture notch becomes more obvious, and the height and thickness of burr gradually increase, and the defect becomes more serious. The influence of the spindle speed on the quality of the edge defect is small. The larger the spindle speed is, the deformation between the particle and the matrix is less, the height and thickness of the burr gradually decrease, and the material disconnection and fracture notch phenomenon are obviously improved. When the spindle speed is 5000 r/min and the feed speed is 0.1 m/min, the machined surface is smooth, the surface morphology is good, and the roughness is 1.331 μm. The edge defect becomes more serious with the increase of feed speed and the decrease of spindle speed.