This paper aims to reduce the surface defects of holes made by aramid fiber composites. Tool action mechanism during drilling is studied through the drilling test of aramid fiber composites. The defect damage during hole-making process is studied and evaluated by changing the influence of cutting speed and feed speed on the surface defects of hole-making entrance and the surface roughness of hole inner wall. The effect of the rigidity of the clamping process system on the surface defects of the hole is studied by changing the clamping process. The cutting speed and feed speed have a great influence on the surface defects of the hole making. With the continuous increase of cutting speed and feed rate, the area of the torn area at the entrance of the aperture increases, and the burr distribution around the aperture first decreases and then increases; the cutting force generally decreases with the increase in feed speed. It shows that when the cutting speed is 62.83 m/min, the cutting force is the largest. At this time, the vibration frequency is close to the natural frequency of the processing system, and resonance phenomenon occurs; the quality of the inner wall of the aperture is proportional to the cutting speed and inversely proportional to the feed speed; improving the rigidity of the clamping process, which can reduce the surface defects of the hole entrance. The hole-making test is carried out on the aramid fiber composite board when the cutting speed is 87.96 m/min and the feed speed is 60 mm/min, the surface quality obtained is the best. In the case of high speed and large feed, the processing surface defects are more serious, and the processing of aramid fiber composite plates should be avoided in this process parameter; the clamping method of the processing system has a greater impact on the hole-making defects. The higher the rigidity of the process system, the better the hole quality.