In this review, we sketched the basic procedure and the characterization of the biomineralization and summarized common species of mineralized microorganisms including the corresponding productions. Based on these, the microbiologically produced mineralized layers were emphasized including carbonate mineralized layer, phosphate mineralized layer, and iron oxide mineralized layer. Furthermore, the feature and the differences between these three types of the process were compared through examples. According to the progress of the inhibition metal corrosion related to biomineralization in recent years, bacterial aerobic respiration can consume the O2 dissolved in the environment. Because the O2 can impact the metal corrosion behaviors, the metabolism process can inhibit the corrosion process. Moreover, the format of the biomineralized layer also can protect the metal surface occurs or decrease the process of metal corrosion because of the density and uniform properties of the layers. Finally, according to the common biomineralized environments, we prospect the development of anticorrosion technology in regard to the biomineralization process.