Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in industrial water environment has always been one of the important reasons for the failure of engineering materials, and biocides play an important role in the prevention and control of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Given that the microbiologically influenced corrosion of pipeline steel caused by SRB and alga as well as the corrosion of aluminum alloy induced by mycete, this article summarizes the application advantages and research progress of different types of biocides used to prevent and control microbiologically influenced corrosion based on the research and application of biocides in industrial systems in recent years. This article also summarizes the challenges and future development of biocides used in industrial system. Quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts, as commonly used cationic biocides in oilfield systems, can effectively kill SRB and inhibit microbiologically influenced corrosion at low concentrations. Guanidinium biocides are widely used in industrial systems due to their stability and broad spectrum. There are many types of heterocyclic compounds biocides, and some heterocyclic biocides not only possess anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects, but also possess corrosion inhibition effects. Organic bromine is a kind of sewage treatment biocides that are gradually emerging. In addition, the compound use of multiple biocides is also an economical and effective way to improve the bactericidal effect. At present, it has gradually become a trend to develop new types of antibacterial substances to concentrate as many antibacterial groups as possible on a biocide or a certain base material through methods such as modification and synthesis.