In order to study the effect of lanthanum compound on the friction and wear properties of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis diesel soot lubricants, the effects of different concentrations of lanthanum fluoride (LaF3) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) on the lubricating properties of white oil with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis diesel soot (F-T DS) and white oil with 0# diesel soot (DS) were studied respectively by four-ball long-time friction and wear tester. The wear scar diameter, structure, morphology, composition and valence state of elements were characterized by multifunctional tool microscope, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other instruments. The results showed that the antifriction and anti-wear effect were the best when 0.4% lanthanum compound (LaF3 or La2O3) was added in F-T DS white oil system. The average coefficient of friction (AFC) was 0.070 and 0.058, respectively, which were 25.5% and 38.3% lower than 0.094 when it was not added. The average wear scar diameter (AWSD) was 0.4318 mm and 0.4207 mm, respectively, which were 33.6% and 35.2% less than it was not added. In the DS white oil system, when 0.6% lanthanum compound (LaF3 or La2O3) was added, the anti-friction effect was best, AFC dropped by 11% and 16% respectively. When 0.8% lanthanum compound was added, the anti-wear effect was the best. AWSD fell by 24.8% and 33.7% respectively. The La2O3 has better anti-wear effect than LaF3. The results showed that adding a small amount of lanthanum compound could improve the anti-friction and anti-wear effect of white oil with F-T DS or DS. The friction mechanism analysis may form a transfer film through transfer or the additive is adsorbed on the contact surface during the friction process to form a lanthanum boundary lubrication protective film, which improves the lubrication state and plays a role of anti-friction and anti-wear.