Cu-Zr amorphous alloy doped with rare earth elements in order to develop a novel type of amorphous alloy whose composition is far away from the eutectic point of the typical eutectic alloy Cu-Zr and explore a novel and excellent performance piston material used biomass fuel new energy vehicle. The (Cu56Zr44)1–xGdx (x=0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.09) samples were prepared by the single-roller rapid quenching and the phases, the phase structure and morphology of the sample were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope, and the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the sample were studied by calorimetric analyzer and nanoindentation. Meanwhile, the tribological properties of the samples under ethanol- gasoline diluted engine oil were measured. The (Cu56Zr44)1–xGdx samples prepared by the single-roll spin quenching method is completely amorphous. When Gd content increases from 1at.% to 9at.%, the reduced glass transition temperature Trg of the (Cu56Zr44)1–xGdx amorphous samples decrease from 0.668 to 0.653 and their nano-hardness decreased from 8.73 GPa to 7.18 GPa, but both are better than 0.644 and 6.82 GPa of 0at.%Gd amorphous sample. When the Gd doping content increases from 1at.% to 9at.%, under the same friction experiment conditions, the friction factor and wear rate of (Cu56Zr44)1–xGdx amorphous samples decrease from 0.068 and 1.07×10–5 mm3/(N.m), respectively to 0.076 and 1.42×10–5 mm3/(N.m), but both are better than 0.082 and 1.62×10–5 mm3/(N.m) of 0at.%Gd amorphous sample, and are far lower than 0.095 and 75.47×10–5 mm3/(N.m) of ZL109 aluminum alloy. Gd doping can effectively enhance the glass forming ability (GFA) and mechanical properties of the system, greatly improve the tribological properties of the system, and achieve the best performance when doped with 1at.%Gd. The (Cu56Zr44)1–xGdx amorphous alloy anti-friction and anti-wear performance are also much better than that of ZL109 aluminum alloy, which is commonly used in pistons.