The purpose is to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy with excellent mechanical stability and self-cleaning performance by chemical etching with hydrochloric acid combined with anodic oxidation. A step-pore-shaped micro-nano structure was formed feasibly on the surface of 1060 aluminum by this method. Following with coating octadecylamine (a kind of low surface energy material) on it, the superhydrophobic Al surface was obtained. And the effects of surface micro-nano structures on the mechanical stability of superhydrophobic surface of aluminum alloy were explored. The results showed that the contact angle still kept at a high value as 160.33° even after being worn for 200 cm with a sandpaper, and it still reached 150° under the impact of 600 g of falling sand abrasion test. It indicated that the sample owned good mechanical stability. In addition, the results of potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the superhydrophobic surface has good corrosion resistance compared with pure aluminum. After the superhydrophobic aluminum was immersed in solutions with different pH values for 24 h, and it is found that the contact angle still kept at 163.09° as initials in the weak alkaline solution (pH=10) that meant the aluminum alloy surface still owned excellent superhydrophobicity. The corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy superhydrophobic surface was improved under the combination of firm micro-nano structure anodic aluminum oxide layer, octadecylamine and the “air cushion effect” of superhydrophobic surface. Compared with the wettability of various common solutions on the surface, this surface had excellent self-cleaning performance. In conclusion, the superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface has good mechanical stability, chemical stability and self-cleaning performance.