The purpose of this paper is to study and reveal the frictional damage evolution law and damage mechanism of the PTFE/Kevlar fiber braided material via reciprocating friction and wear tests with different cycles. Using the MXW-5 friction and wear testing machine, while keeping the displacement and frequency of the movement constant, the materials were tested with different cycles of reciprocating motion under three load levels of 2 N, 5 N, and 10 N. A stereo microscope (SM) is used to analyze the macroscopic damage of the worn surface of the material after the test. The microscopic morphology and chemical state are analyzed with 3D optical microscope (3D-OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The friction coefficient of the samples under three different loading conditions increased by 0.05 before reaching 1000 cycles of reciprocating motion, and the increase rate slowed down to 0.02 from 1000 to 5000 times and gradually stabilized. Under different cycles, the damaged surface formed a PTFF transfer film in different sizes covered the C of worn surface. The main wear mechanism of braided materials under three loads is fatigue wear. Under the condition of constant load, as the number of cycles increases, the PTFE transfer film will be formed on the worn surface in the early stage, which will protect the Kevlar fiber to a certain extent, thereby reducing the degree of surface wear. As the degree of surface wear continues to intensify, the transfer film formed on the surface of the wear scar is peeled off, causing the fibers to be exposed to the surface again, which further intensifies the wear. At the same time, as the wear of material samples intensified, the degree of oxidation on the surface of the wear scars continued to deepen.