The research is to study the influence law and the action mechanism of different types of protective coatings on the erosion resistance of the concrete in the wind sand environment, and then select the concrete protective coatings with the comprehensive performance in the wind sand environment. As the research objects, three kinds of protective coatings for the concrete structure including polyurethane, acrylic acid and epoxy resin were studied. The mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed by the contact angle and hardness. The change rule of the erosion resistance of the system of protective coatings for the concrete structure with erosion parameters was tested by the simulated sand erosion experimental system. Combined with the sand erosion test of concrete protective coatings and the observation results of the scanning electron microscope, the erosion mechanism of concrete protective coatings in the wind sand environment was explored. Under the same erosion conditions, the erosion rate of different protective coatings was as follows:he polyurethane protective coating > the epoxy resin protective coating > the acrylic acid protective coating; the corrosion resistance of the protective coating sprayed acrylic was about 57.56% higher than that of the protective coating sprayed polyurethane, and 33% higher than that of the protective coating sprayed epoxy resin. The change of the fractal dimension Ds of the erosion surface reflects the change of different erosion stages. Combined with the fractal dimension Ds and the microscopic morphology after the erosion, it is shown that when eroded at low angle, tearing and debonding occur on the coating surface under the influence of particle tensile stress, and the erosion rate is higher. When eroded at high angle, plastic deformations such as a structure uplift and cavities are formed on the coating surface under the influence of particle compressive stress, which buffers the impact of sand particles on the coating, and the fractal dimension Ds of the erosion surface increases, and the damage interface does not fall within the yield stress range of the material, and the erosion rate is low, which shows the characteristics of the erosion damage of typical plastic materials. The system of protective coatings of polyurethane, acrylic acid and epoxy resin can improve the erosion resistance of the concrete. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of the results of the contact angle and the hardness test of protective coatings, the protective coating of acrylic acid is more suitable for the concrete protection in the wind sand environment. When different protective coatings are eroded, there is no obvious plastic deformation and the brittle failure stage, but the transition mechanism from the plastic deformation to the brittle failure with the change of the erosion component, and this phenomenon exists in the whole erosion process.