The work aims to research the evaporation performance of evaporator under different treatment processes, and develop a multifunctional wood surface for wood solar interface evaporators. Chemical treatment and freeze drying were used to form interconnected cellulose fiber networks in the wood block channels, and a photothermal water absorption layer based on sodium alginate (SA)/polyacrylamide (PAM) as organic skeleton was prepared by in-situ polymerization at room temperature on the surface of wood block. The antireflective layer was constructed by laser engraving. The microscopic morphology, phase and element distribution of different samples were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The surface functional groups, transmission and reflection spectra of different samples were recorded by fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and UV-vis spectrophotometer, respectively. The effects of different treatment processes on thermal localization were analyzed using infrared camera. Among the six groups of evaporators under different treatment processes, CSE-wood evaporator shows more excellent performance. The maximum evaporation rate of 2.456 kg/(m2.h) and the evaporation efficiency of 92.3% at 1 solar intensity. Capillary action of the antireflection layer uniformly constructed on the photothermal water absorption layer and the Marangoni effect realize the rapid transportation of water needed for evaporation, and the fiber network formed inside the wood block plays a role of thermal insulation. In addition, the preparation of photothermal coating or water absorption layer on the substrate surface and the construction of antireflective layer can promote light absorption and optical path extension in a wider wavelength range, resulting in a rapid rise in the surface temperature of the evaporator to achieve thermal localization, which improves the efficiency of photothermal conversion and evaporation rate. It can be used in seawater desalination, water purification and so on.