The shortage of water resources has become a major global problem in the 21st century. How to solve the problem is very urgent. In nature, the spider web will condense huge water droplets in the early morning, which provides a good idea for solving the problem of water shortage. The research progress in water harvesting of spider-silk-inspired fiber is summarized comprehensively. The common fabrication methods of spider-silk-inspired microfibers is mainly introduced, including rayleigh instability methods, electrodynamic techniques and microfluidic methods, and the subclasses of all kinds of fabrication methods and introduces the fabrication steps, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages for each method is divided in detail in this paper. Meanwhile, the main mechanisms of water collection of spider-silk-inspired microfiber is also introduced, including difference in Laplace pressure, surface energy gradient, hysteresis effects, hanging ability and forces in intersecting configuration, providing a theoretical basis for the development and improvement of water collection engineering and technology. In addition, the water collection behaviors is also introduced, including water collection on a single microfiber, water collection on intersecting microfibers and large-scale water collection. At last, the future development direction of spider- silk-inspired microfiber is analyzed and prospected, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication methods, the water collection mechanism and water collection behaviors of spider-silk-inspired microfiber and promotes the development of water collection efficiency, oil-water separation, material interface, fluid control and functional materials.