This work studies the tribological properties of nickel-based ceramic composite ceramics to provide experimental support for field maintenance of key parts of the mud pump. The nickel-based cermet composite coating with different Al2O3 and ZrO2 contents was prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by low pressure cold spraying. The friction and wear properties of the composite coating were tested on a tribometer in atmosphere. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were characterized and analyzed by XRD and SEM. The hardness of the composite coating was tested by Vickers hardness tester. The influence of ceramic particle content on tribological properties of composite coatings was studied. The hardness of the composite coating increases first and then decreases with the increase of Al2O3 content in the range of (9~33)vol.% of ceramic particles, while ZrO2 conversely, because the addition of ceramic particles changes the density of the coating. The friction coefficient of the composite coating decreases first and then increases with the increase of the Al2O3 content resulting in the coating wear mechanism changed from adhesive wear to abrasive wear, however, the friction coefficient of the Ni-ZrO2 composite coating is approximately stable around 0.2. The wear rate of the coating decreases first and then increases with the increase of Al2O3 content, while ZrO2 conversely. With the optimized content of 23 vol.% Al2O3, the property of the coating wear resistance was obviously improved, the friction coefficient was as low as 0.149, and the wear rate was 3.18×10–5 mm3/(N.m). The results show that the addition of ceramic particles can effectively improve the wear resistance of the coating, but it is also affected by the addition of particle size factors. This provides certain theoretical data support for the repair of the key components of the mud pump.