By analyzing the pipeline corrosion behavior of the gathering and transportation system in Yanchang oilfield in northern Shaanxi province, the corrosion reasons of the gathering and transportation system in this block were found out, and the effective methods for controlling the corrosion were put forward. Based on the grey correlation analysis theory, the main factors of corrosion of the produced liquid in gathering and transportation system and the influence degree of corrosion on pipeline equipment were analyzed. The internal corrosion products and Q235 steel in the gathering and transportation pipeline were characterized by EDX energy spectrometer and DXS-500 automatic three-dimensional imaging microscope. The corrosion inhibitors suitable for the gathering and transportation pipeline were synthesized by orthogonal test method. The corrosion inhibitors were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by polarization curve and corrosion inhibition performance evaluation. The results showed that the main factors of pipeline corrosion were pH value, the content of S2?, SRB, CO2, Cl? and so on. The energy spectrum analysis showed that the main components of the corrosion products were the elements of Fe, O, C, and S. The surface of the hanging sheet was smooth and appeared red and yellow, the number and depth of the pits significantly reduced, the maximum corrosion depth was decreased from 80.94 μm to 16.25 μm, the corrosion rate was reduced to 0.0324 mm/a, and the corrosion inhibition rate reached more than 90% after addition of 50 mg/L oxidizing high-efficiency desulfurization fungicide and 50 mg/L corrosion inhibitor. The results showed that Cl? destroy the passivation film on the metal surface and the synergy CO2 and H2S synergistic effect the corrosion rate of the metal. The combination of the oxidizing high-efficiency desulfurization fungicides and the new corrosion inhibitors could control corrosion and get better effects, which help to solve the corrosion problem of gathering pipelines.