The purpose of this research is to develop an aerogel pre-encapsulated high enthalpy shaped phase change waterborne thermal control coating.By using alkane phase change materials as functional fillers, the compatibility of phase change materials with common solvents and the influence of different pre-encapsulation methods on coating performance were studied. By optimizing the coating formulation, a high enthalpy shaped phase change thermal control coating was developed, which can be prepared by a spray application method. In this coating, water-based resin was used as the base material and aerogel was used as the pre-encapsulation material. When m(the phase change material (docosane))∶m(water-based resin)∶m(aerogel) = 5∶2.5∶1, the phase change enthalpy of the coating could reach 139.3 J/g, no cracking existed on the coating surface, and no leakage occurred when the temperature was higher than the phase change temperature. It could make up the disadvantages of traditional phase change materials that were difficult to apply to structural parts with complex morphology and could not tightly bonded.In this research, we innovatively used SiO2 aerogel to inhale the alkane phase change material into the pores for pre-encapsulation. When the pre-encapsulated phase change materials were added into organic resins, a high enthalpy shaped phase change waterborne thermal control coating with favorable flexibility of organic film former was prepared. As the resin has excellent mechanical properties, brittle rupture under deformation can be avoided. The simple painting method can prevent the coating from the restriction caused by the shape protected components and then greatly expand the application range of phase change materials.