The work aims to prepare superhydrophobic wall coatings with the ability of self-cleaning and durability from the perspective of improving the environment of building walls. In this paper, the modified SiO2/diatomite composite solution prepared by sol-gel method was mixed with fluorosilicone resin emulsion and sprayed on the wall. In this way, a new superhydrophobic wall coating was obtained after drying. Surface morphology, chemical structure and wettability of superhydrophobic surface were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle tester. The effect of diatomite concentration on the superhydrophobic property and mechanical strength of the coating was studied and the acid-base resistance，weather resistance and self-cleaning ability of the coating were tested. The experimental results show that the water contact angle of the superhydrophobic coating reached 160.74°±2° and the rolling angle reached 0.8°±1° when the optimum mass fraction of diatomite was 7%. The contact angle of 154.43° and the rolling angle of 4.8° were maintained after the coating was peeled with tape for 11 times. The water droplets could still roll on the coating surface after being peeled with tape for 15 times with good mechanical stability and superhydrophobic performance. For liquids with a pH of 2~13, the coating remained a water contact angle of more than 150°. During the 24 temperature cycles, the water contact angle of the coating was maintained at about 160°. After 30 h of UV radiation, the water contact angle of the coating was decreased to 148.51°. The ability of the coating to resist the adhesion of particulate contaminants and the impregnation of colored solutions were demonstrated. The coating shows excellent superhydrophobic performance with durability and weatherability, which can effectively realize the self-cleaning of the wall.