Currently, superalloys are classic materials widely used in hot-end components in aerospace field due to their excellent comprehensive properties. In recent years, with the continuous development of aerospace technology, the hot-end components of air vehicles are gradually facing a more severe service environment. Therefore, better high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance of superalloys are required. Surface coating technology has become one of the most commonly used thermal protection technology methods because of its few constraints, strong designability, large selection of technology types and materials, and economy and environmental protection. So it has broad application prospects and good development potential. The research progress of thermal barrier coating materials and anti-oxidation coating materials are summarized. The main and common materials are YSZ, rare earth zirconate, rare earth hexaaluminate, oxide, intermetallic compounds, etc. The preparation methods of the thermal protective coatings and their working principle, and scope of application are described comprehensively. The future development direction of superalloy surface thermal protective coatings for aerospace is pointed out, that is, continue to optimize the composition design of the coating materials, improve the interface combination between the coating and the substrate, integrate a variety of thermal protection mechanisms and then select appropriate technical methods to prepare multi-layer multi-functional coupling thermal protection coatings to make them better suitable for thermal protection for aerospace metals.