The work aims to study the deposition deformation behavior of WC-12Co particles on 45# carbon steel substrate under different spraying conditions. Based on Johnson-cook plastic material model and Thermal-Isotropy-Phase-Change model, LS-DYNA was used for modeling and analysis. The deposition behavior of WC-12Co particle on 45# carbon steel substrate was obviously different under different spraying parameters. During deposition, the equivalent plastic strain amplitude of particles was higher than that of substrate. The equivalent plastic strain amplitude of particle edge was higher than that of particle central axis. The increase of the initial velocity and temperature of particle was helpful to improve the temperature and flattening degree of the interface of contact region. The influence of initial temperature and velocity of particles on that energy change of contact interface was basically consistent. The energy contribution ratio of the initial velocity and temperature of unit particle to the temperature rise was 0.78 and 0.76 respectively, which was approximately the same. The moderate preheating of substrate could promote the deformation of particles, deepen the depth of deposition crater, increase the bonding area between particle and substrate, and improve the bonding strength between particles and substrate. Super-cooling of the substrate led to the “warping” of particles, reduce the bonding area between particles and substrate, and the overheating of the substrate led to the unstable state of the combination, which was easy to cause particle peeling off and was not conducive to the effective combination of particles and substrate. In a certain range, increasing the initial velocity and temperature of the particles and the initial temperature of the substrate can improve the flattening degree of the particles, increase the bonding area between the particles and the substrate, and enhance the bonding performance between the particles and the substrate, thus further improving the coating quality.