The work aims to solve the problem that the BD1 roller has low wear resistance and is easy to stick steel during the rail beam rolling process. The laser cladding technology was used to study the applicability of the cladding material, and the chemical composition was set to precipitate a large amount of carbides. At the same time, the wear resistance, cold and thermal fatigue resistance and welding performance were considered. The role of Cr, Ni, Mo, W, Si and B elements in laser cladding was studied by orthogonal experiment, the grain orientation was detected by metallographic method and the best powder chemical composition was determined by evaluation of 500× observation microcracks. Moreover, the macroscopic hardness and metallographic structure of cladding material were analyzed. Then, the effects of cladding process parameters such as laser power, linear velocity, overlap and powder feeding on the surface quality of BD1 roller were studied. After the laser cladding modification technology of the BD1 roller surface of the rail beam, a metallographic structure significantly different from the rolled material was formed on the surface of the cladding layer, so that the phenomenon of “welding” no longer occurred, and the phenomenon of sticking steel was eliminated. The cladding oxide film had high wear resistance and improved roller wear resistance. While the good metallurgical bonding ensured that the cladding layer had sufficient resistance to pressure, impact, mechanical fatigue and thermal fatigue. After laser cladding, the amount of steel could be increased from less than 1,000 tons to more than 6,000 tons. The surface material of BD1 roller is changed, the phenomenon of sticking steel is overcome, and the wear resistance is improved, which realizes high-efficiency recycling of BD1 roller and significantly improves the service life of the BD1 roller of the rail beam.