In order to improve the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy, the surface of 6063 aluminum alloy was modified with Ni60, Ni60+4%CeO2, Ni60+5%Y2O3 and Ni60+5%La2O3 by using laser cladding technology. Hardness experiments, high temperature friction and wear behaviors were carried out. The wear resistance and wear mechanism of each sample and the influence of rare earth on the wear resistance and wear mechanism of the cladding layer by analyzing the friction coefficient, wear tracks, wear amount, phase, composition and micro-morphology after wear of the sample. The hardness of the cladding layer added with rare earth increase significantly and the hardness of the cladding layer presented a gradient distribution. With the increase of load and wear temperature, the wear mechanism of 6063 Al changed from mild to severe wear, the order was two-body abrasive wear to adhesive wear, and then, to severe melting wear and oxidative wear. The wear mechanism of Ni60 cladding layer was mainly peeling wear, oxidation wear and slight ploughing wear. With the increase of load and wear temperature, the degree of peeling wear became more and more serious. With the increase of load and wear temperature of the cladding layer with the optimal rare earth content, the wear mechanism gradually changed from ploughing wear to delamination wear, and contained oxidation wear and plough wear. Compared with the Ni60 cladding layer, the high-temperature friction and wear properties of the cladding layer with the best rare earth content were significantly improved. Compared with the three kinds of rare earth cladding layers, the order of high temperature friction and wear performance from good to poor is Ni60+4%CeO2 cladding layer, Ni60+5%Y2O3 cladding layer, Ni60+5%La2O3 cladding layer.