The work aims to obtain the cold spray aluminum-based composite coating with excellent wear resistance. Al(Y)-Al2O3-MoS2 composite coatings were prepared on Q235 carbon steel by low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) technology. A ternary quadratic orthogonal test method combined with surface response analysis method was used to study the preparation parameters affecting the wear resistance of the coatings. The corresponding mathematical model was established through quadratic regression and the relationship between the coating wear resistance and the three factors (including spraying temperature, powder feeding rate and mass ratio of Al-Y alloy powder and MoS2 powder) was discussed. Then, the effects of the three factors on coating wear resistance were analyzed and the optimal preparation conditions of coatings were determined. The effects of three factors on the coating wear resistance were as follows: the mass ratio of Al-Y alloy powders to MoS2 powders > the spraying temperature > the powder feeding rate, and the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: the spraying temperature range of 350~400 ℃, the powdering rate of 38.2~46.66 g/min and the mass ratio of Al-Y alloy powder and MoS2 powder of 2~2.5. The Al(Y)-Al2O3-MoS2 coating prepared under the best conditions has good wear resistance, which can ensure the long-term safety and service reliability of marine oil & gas equipment. The wear mechanism of coating mainly includes the lubrication of MoS2 and the oxidation-adhesive wear and abrasive wear of matching parts.