The aims to research tribological properties of non-thiophosphorous organic molybdenum, in order to meet the demand of the development of low viscosity lubricating oil of engine, a new kind of sulfur- and phosphorus-free organic molybdenum (SPFMo) was synthesized and added into the lubricating oil 0W20. Moreover, the influence of SPFMo content, temperature, load and rotation speed on the tribological performance of 0W20 was studied in detail. The results show that the SPFMo shows good anti-friction and anti-wear performances, both the COF and wear diameter of 0W20 can be decreased. During the friction process, the Mo is enriched and has the function of lubrication, anti-wear and self-repairing. MoS2 and MoO3 are generated by tribochemical reaction, which is the main part of the lubricating film. The SPFMo content and temperature in which the SPFMo can show great tribological performance is 0.25wt%~0.5wt% and 100~130 ℃, respectively. When the temperature is 120 ℃, the COF and wear diameter can be decreased by 27.5% and 7.8% by the addition of 0.5% SPFMo. The COF of 0W20+0.5%SPFMo decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of temperature, decreases with the increase of rotation speed and friction load. The wear diameter of 0W20+0.5%SPFMo decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of temperature, increases with the increase of rotation speed and friction load. Finally, the results can be helpful for designing and selecting new additives of engine oil with high low viscosity.