The paper aims to investigate the distribution characteristics of particles on the target during shot peening and the influence of nozzle moving speed. The CFD simulation of the fixed-point shot peening process was performed with FLUENT to obtain the position of the particles on the target during the fixed-point shot peening; and then the results of the fixed-point shot peening were superimposed with MATLAB to simulate the continuous shot peening. Plane shot peening simulation was conducted to analyze the impact of nozzle speed on particle distribution. The particle tracing method can be used to simulate the rotating shot peening process with a square cylinder as an example to perform rotating shot and optimize the rotating speed. When the nozzle was moved at a constant speed, the particle distribution density in the direction of the nozzle path was constant, and the density value was inversely proportional to the moving speed. During variable speed translation, the particle distribution density in the direction of the nozzle path was related to the nozzle scanning section and the nozzle moving speed. The smaller the nozzle sweep cross section, the closer the particle distribution density was to the inverse ratio of the moving speed, and the mathematical model was used to verify the reliability of the method. In rotary shot spraying, the particle distribution density of the constant rotating spraying target for a rectangular cylindrical target showed fluctuation, which can be greatly improved by optimizing the rotation speed. 24.2% of the shot blasting time and the amount of particles used can be saved. The combination of FLUENT and MATLAB can reasonably describe the particle distribution on the target during continuous shot peening. When the shot is shifted at a constant speed, the particle distribution density is inversely proportional to the speed of the shot. The speed of movement is negatively correlated, close to an inverse relationship; in variable-speed rotary blasting, reasonable variable-speed rotary blasting has better particle distribution uniformity than constant-speed rotary blasting. It can greatly reduce the amount of particles used, and improve the shot peening efficiency and shot peening quality.