Nickel-based superalloys are widely applied to the critical components of aeroengine turbine blades due to their superior strength and oxidation resistance at high temperature. During long-term repeated use under severe conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high rotation speed and alternating load, nickel-based superalloys are prone to surface damage (such as ablation and wear), and volume damage (such as blockage and fracture). The use of specific surface engineering techniques and additive repair techniques can quickly restore the size and performance of damaged parts, providing a viable way to maintain and regenerate of the comprehensive performance of nickel-based superalloys. The research status of surface modification, surface plating, surface coating, energy-carrying beam additive and energy beam energy field recombination and other nickel-base superalloy repair and strengthening technology was reviewed emphatically. The technical principles, process characteristics and application range of each repair reinforcement method were summarized. It is pointed out that strengthening the development of energy beam field composite repair technology, the action mechanism of energy beam field and materials, and the shape synergistic regulation of the repair process is of great significance to broaden the application scope of the process, reduce the defects of the repair reinforcement layer and enhance the timeliness of repairing the maneuver and it is also the future development trend of the nickel-based superalloy repair and reinforcement technology.