This paper aims to reveal the microbiologically influenced corrosion mechanism of aluminum caused by Desulfovibrio (a sulfate reducing bacteria) during an incubation period. Cell counting, fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray spectrometer, and electrochemical testing were used to test and analyze the corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism of aluminum in sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) culture medium. Results showed that SRB did not accelerate the corrosion rate of aluminum at the initial incubation period. The linear polarization resistance of the aluminum in the SRB culture medium was even higher than that in the abiotic medium, which was because the accumulation of biofilm hindered the electron transportation at the interface between the metal substrate and the solution medium. With the increase of cultivate time, the corrosion rate of aluminum in SRB culture medium accelerated significantly. When cultivated for 7 days, the corrosion current of aluminum in SRB culture medium was 3 orders of magnitude higher than that in abiotic medium. With the excessive consumption of organic carbon source and other nutrients over time, the culture medium is not enough to support the growth of SRB, which caused the SRB to obtain the energy from the aluminum to maintain its metabolism. At the same time, the local acidity of the substrate may be aggravated due to the change of the microenvironment caused by the coverage of the biofilm, which accelerates the formation of pitting corrosion.