The work aims to study the influence of shot peening on fretting wear and corrosion resistance of zirconium alloy cladding tube. Shot peening was carried out to zirconium alloy cladding tube. Fretting wear tests were performed on the untreated and shot peened specimens. The wear depth and wear volume were measured. Meanwhile, the surface roughness and surface topography were characterized. Then, corrosion tests were conducted to the untreated and shot peened specimens and the corrosion gain before and after shot peening was measured. The wear volume of shot peened zirconium alloy was reduced by 5.7% compared to untreated specimens. Shot peening could improve the hardness of the zirconium alloy cladding tube. However, the thickness of the high hardness area was thinner, which was only about 4~8 μm. When the medium of corrosion tests was deionized water and LiOH solution, the corrosion gain curves of shot peened specimens were lower than that of untreated specimens after 140 and 220 days, respectively. The thickness of oxide film of ZIRLO alloy without and with shot peening was about 15 μm and 1.21 μm in LiOH solution. Shot peening can improve the resistance of fretting wear and corrosion damage of ZIRLO alloy to some extent. The increased range of fretting wear resistance is small because of the thin hardening layer. Moreover, the corrosion gain and oxide film of shot peened specimens decrease, showing improvement of corrosion resistance, but the corrosion resistance by shot peening is only reflected after a certain stage.