The work aims to overlay the self-lubricating anti-abrasion alloy with graphite phase on the Q235 steel by non-droplet arcing wire GTAW. The nickel-coated graphite flux-cored wire was designed and introduced into the overlay by the non-droplet arcing wire GTAW and the traditional GMAW for comparison. After welding, the pin-and-disc friction and wear tester were used to compare the anti-abrasion and wear resistance of the overlay. OM, SEM and EDS were accomplished to study the microstructure and component of the overlay and analyze the wear morphology. The processing characteristic of preparing overlay with graphite phase by welding system and the self-lubricating anti-abrasion performance of the overlay were analyzed. Non-droplet arcing wire GTAW could effectively inhibit the dilution ratio of the substrate, ensure the transition of the graphite phase in fluxed cored wire and improve the deposition rate. Fe-Cr-B anti-abrasion substrate was formed on the overlay and a lot of granular graphite phase was observed at the boundary. The friction coefficient under the friction and wear test could be as low as 0.65 and decreased further with increasing friction time. No typical furrow was found on the wear surface which was smooth and black and belonged to self-lubricating wear type, and the friction coefficient was related to welding parameters. The friction coefficient of the overlay prepared by the traditional GMAW method was about 1.4, and slightly increased with the prolonging of wear time. Non-droplet arcing wire GMAW has the characteristics of low heat input and high deposition rate, which is suitable for overlay, especially for overaly to prevent the chemical composition of welding wire from burning out. Under the premise of reasonable control of process parameters and stable welding, self-lubricating anti-abrasion overlay containing graphite phase can be successfully prepared by selecting low auxiliary current.