Artificial joint replacement is considered to be the most effective and ultimate treatment for joint diseases such as advanced arthritis and joint dysfunction. The in vivo service environment characteristics of artificial hip joint, and the formation of biofilm and graphite-like carbon lubrication layer in friction interface were introduced firstly. The denaturation and degradation of proteins at the friction interface catalyzed by transition metal copper under the simulated in vivo service environment were further discussed and the transformation from biofilm to graphite-like carbon lubrication layer was also investigated. The molecular mechanism of transition metal ions producing reactive oxygen species, catalyzing the adsorption, denaturation and decomposition of proteins and forming biofilm, graphite-like carbon lubrication layer was studied, and the design of ceramic artificial joint material was prospected.