The work aims to improve the transmittance and reduce reflectance of the glass surface. Na2CO3, Na3PO4, Na4P2O7 and other basic salt solutions were used to perform chemical etching on the pre-treated glass. Through the regulation of the nano-porous structure on the glass surface and the thickness of the cross-section etched film, the destructive interference of incident light in the transmission process was realized, thus achieving the anti-reflection effect on light. The surface morphology and cross-section film thickness of the glass before and after etching were observed by scanning electron microscope and the transmittance and reflectance of the glass were measured by ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer to adjust etching solution concentration, etching time and temperature, thus optimizing experiment scheme and improving transmittance. After etching by salt solution, under the experimental temperature of 92 ℃ and the experimental time of 24 hours, there was well-distributed minor grooves with width of 20~30 nm and thickness of 100~150 nm on the glass surface. The average transmittance of the glass was 97.53%, 7% higher than that of glass surface before etching. However, the glass composition hardly changed before and after etching. The optical properties of glass were effectively improved. The sample transmittance increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the etching temperature when etching time and concentration were fixed; the sample transmittance increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the etching time when the etching temperature and concentration were fixed; and the sample transmittance increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of etching concentration when the etching time and temperature were fixed. The chemical bonds on the glass surface are broken by etching the glass surface with salt chemical reagents, and a loose film structure is formed on the surface of the glass. When the corrosion reaches a certain thickness, destructive interference of a certain wavelength of light occurs on the glass surface, thus effectively improving the transmittance of the glass surface and reducing the reflectance.