The work aims to overcome the shortcomings of accelerant pollution, oxidation, loss, etc. in the complex fire scene through the relationship between the characteristics of the oxide layer and the fire scene combustion accelerants obtained by studying the oxidation behavior of low carbon steel in the kerosene combustion environment, and then provide new method for the fire investigation. The simulated kerosene combustion environment was obtained by simulation device and the low carbon steel was oxidized at different durations of laboratory simulated kerosene-combustion atmosphere. The morphology of the oxide layer was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase composition of the oxide layer was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The oxidation kinetics of the samples was studied by a precision analytical balance. In the fire scene, the strong oxidizing properties of the kerosene combustion atmosphere promoted the formation of a low carbon steel oxide layer, and there was no FeO phase in the oxide layer. The 10%~20% of carbon was deposited on the surface of the sample for different oxidation time. The oxidation kinetics curve of the parabolic law indicated that the oxide layer tended to be dense at later stage. The complex oxidizing atmosphere greatly accelerates the formation of the oxide layer by chemical adsorption in the initial stage of the reaction, and is not conducive to the formation of FeO under the conditions of the experimental temperature and the strong oxidizing atmosphere. The incomplete combustion of kerosene causes carbon deposition on the surface of the sample, and the amount of carbon is related to the carbon chain length of the combustion accelerants, which can provide a reference for the presence of kerosene combustion accelerants in the fire scene.