The work aims to study the heat transfer characteristic between two rough surfaces subjected to different bulk temperatures and sliding reciprocating motion. A two-dimensional heat transfer model was established to analyze the dimensionless average heat flux based on heat transfer theory and considering the thermal contact conductance. The ABAQUS finite element package was utilized and a user defined subroutine GAPCON was called to define the effective thermal contact conductance as a function of the surface statistics, surface material properties, and the nominal contact pressure. The dimensionless amplitude , the dimensionless frequency , and the dimensionless parameter were selected as the influence factors to explore the law of heat transfer between the sliding surfaces. The results showed that the dimensionless average heat flux increased with the increase of dimensionless amplitude and frequency under the condition of and ; when , the dimensionless average heat flux presented a linear increase with the increase of the dimensionless amplitude. Higher dimensionless amplitude and frequency have positive effects on the dimensionless average heat flux. The average flux will trend to be stable with and increasing, indicating that the thermal contact conductance becomes dominant.