In view of the problems of low hardness, poor wear resistance, easy oxidation at high temperature and weak bioactivity in the practical application of titanium alloys, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out extensive research of laser cladding ceramic coatings on titanium alloys, based on the characteristics of high hardness, excellent wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of ceramic materials, as well as the superiority of metallurgical bonding between coating and substrate and refinement of the internal grain of coating by higher cooling rate of laser cladding technology. Firstly, the characteristics of laser cladding ceramic materials on titanium alloys were summarized and common ceramic materials and their special properties in laser cladding process were introduced. The research characteristics, research situation and progress at home and abroad were summarized in terms of the preparation methods of ceramic coating and the functions of ceramic materials. The merits and demerits of pure ceramic coating prepared by laser, ceramic-metal alloy composite coating prepared by laser, ceramic composite coating prepared by laser in situ and ceramic gradient coating prepared by laser were compared and analyzed. The progress of laser cladding wear resistant coatings, high temperature oxidation resistant coatings, corrosion resistant coatings and biological coatings on the surface of titanium alloys was introduced, and the role of ceramic materials in improving related properties was analyzed. Finally, in view of the existing problems of laser cladding ceramic materials on titanium alloy surface, the future research directions of laser cladding ceramic coatings on titanium alloy surface were discussed and prospected.