The work aims to predict surface grinding force under different grinding process parameters and investigate the grinding mechanism to control the grinding quality. By considering the diversity of abrasive grain shape on the surface of CBN grinding wheel, the diversity of form and the randomness of spatial distribution, the CBN grinding wheel model was established and the finite element grinding wheel grinding simulation of GCr15 material model was carried out. At the same time, the single-factor plane grinding experiment of GCr15 was carried out with different workpiece feed speeds by CBN grinding wheel, and the grinding force under different grinding parameters was measured with a three-coordinate force gauge. The surface shape of the simulated grinding wheel model was close to that of the real grinding wheel. The height of the abrasive blade on the simulated grinding wheel was subject to the normal distribution and consistent with the actual grinding wheel. The random polyhedral abrasive grain model and the real CBN abrasive grain photograph were similar in appearance. The grinding force experiment and simulation results showed that the grinding force increased gradually when the workpiece feed speed was increased from 3 m/min to 18 m/min. The maximum error of the normal grinding force obtained by the simulation was much smaller than the maximum error of the tangential grinding force. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, thus proving that the grinding finite element simulation model of grinding wheel can be used for grinding force prediction. However, because the actual grinding wheel size and the influence of the surface bond of the grinding wheel on the grinding cannot be considered in the simulation, the result has certain error, and the accuracy of the simulation needs to be further improved. The research results provide an idea for using the finite element method to study the grinding mechanism and control the quality of the grinding process.