Corrosion is one of problems faced by all countries in the world. Every year economic loss influenced by the corrosion accounts for 3%~5% of national GDP of which about 20% is caused by soil corrosion. The soil corrosion of the metal is a spontaneous reverse metallurgic process which results in the corrosion and damage of the metal structures in the soil, and even leads to leakage, burning and explosion of buried pipelines, thus bringing huge economic losses and social risks. Microbiological influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the most important corrosion types for the corrosion of buried pipeline steel, and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) influenced corrosion is the most severe among MIC corrosion. The work discussed the SRB influenced corrosion of the buried pipeline steel from following three aspects: environmental factor, material factor, and microbiological factor. The environmental factors studied mostly included soil type, water content of soil, anionic ions of soil, fertilizer, pesticide, soil macrocell, and disbonded coating. The investigations of material factors mainly focused on the effects of cathodic protection, stress, and stray current. Comparing with first two factors, the microbiological factors wasthe most complicated, and seldom discussed. In the future, the SRB influenced corrosion of buried pipeline steel will still concentrate on the coupling effects of multiple factors, such as environmental factors and material factors. The microbiological factor is a new studying field, including the effect of enzyme on the corrosion of the buriedpipeline steel and the transfer of electrons in biofilms.