The research progress in molecular design and potential application of novel multifunctional quaternary ammonium antibacterial materials in recent years, such as anti-fouling, super-slippery/super-hydrophilic property, degradation, blood coagulation promotion, cell growth promotion, etc., was reviewed. The multiple functions mentioned above were also the major trend in the development of antibacterial materials while resisting bacteria. An example was given to illustrate that the star polymer (POSS-g-PDMA) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology had extremely high antibacterial activity, relatively non-blood solubility and degradability after quaternization. Highly quaternized antibacterial hydrogels based on dimethyl decyl ammonium chitosan-graft-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (DMDC-Q-g-EM) and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate had antibacterial and antifungal activities, biocompatibility and reusability. Finally, the future development direction of new multifunctional quaternary ammonium antibacterial materials is prospected.