The work aims to improve the tribological properties of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings. The MAO ceramic and solid lubricant composite layer was prepared on the surface of ZL109 alloy by micro-arc oxidation and polishing technology. The roughness of the samples was measured by roughness tester. The tribological properties of the composite layer were evaluated by ball-disk friction and wear tester. The surface morphology of the samples before and after the test and the morphology of the coupling steel balls were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the layer was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The discharge micro-pores on the porous MAO ceramic layer and the micro-dimple defects remaining on the surface of the polished ceramic layer could be effectively filled by WS2 during the polishing of WS2 nano-powders. The surface roughness of the sample was greatly reduced through this method. The friction co-efficient in the early stage of the experiment and anti-adhesion time were affected. Compared with sample MAO, the roughness of sample MAO-W was about 34.2% lower, the friction coefficient was reduced by 79.2%, and the anti-adhesion time was increased by 900%. Compared with sample P-MAO, the roughness of sample P-MAO-W was reduced by about 41.3%, friction coefficient was reduced by 93.6%, and anti-adhesion time was increased by 233%. Beside this, the wear on the coupling steel ball could be effectively reduced by prepared samples. The variation of the width of wear scar of the samples and the diameter of the wear spot of coupling steel ball coincided with the change trends of the friction coefficient and the roughness of the samples during the friction process. Polishing WS2 self-lubricating nano-powders on aluminum MAO ceramic coatings of Al alloy can effectively reduce friction, improve wear life and mitigate wear on abrasive parts.