The work aims to study the effect of surface roughness on the temperature rise of the micro-motion contact surface under different fractal parameters. By creating a Python script, the fractal surface contour coordinates constructed by Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function in MATLAB were imported into ABAQUS, and the spline curves were used to fit the contour coordinates. A two-dimensional cylindrical-plane contact model with rough surface was constructed and the influence of roughness, normal load, tangential load and material properties on the temperature rise of the contact surface was studied. The temperature rise first increased and then decreased in the contact width direction and amplitude decreased gradually along the depth direction in the micro-motion contact state. The surface nodes with different roughness had similar temperature rise distribution history and thermal influence area was mainly distributed near the surface and generated a high temperature field of the contact area. The local temperature rise peak appeared in the rough contact model, and the shear friction stress and the contact pressure distribution were discrete, consistent with the conclusions in the literature. The temperature rise amplitude of contact surface increases with the increase of roughness. The relative slip distance and friction of the upper test piece increase with the increase of the tangential load amplitude when the surface roughness and normal load are constant, thus causing an increase in temperature rise amplitude. In terms of the material properties, the magnitude of the temperature rise is closely related to the thermal conductivity of the material. The better the thermal conductivity of the material is, the smaller the temperature rise amplitude of the contact surface is.