Graphene attracts researchers‘ attention due to unique properties of excellent electrical conductivity, huge specific surface area, high Young‘s modulus, etc. The current research aims to apply the Graphene into the surface modification of fibers to realize the electrical conductivity, UV protection, electromagnetic shielding, and etc. of fabrics. Therefore, graphene nanocomposite coated fibers have great application prospects in medical devices, electronic devices and sensor. Graphene nanocomposite coating was introduced from three aspects including mechanism, preparation method and properties and application and the mechanism of graphene nanocomposite coating was described. The preparation methods of graphene nanocomposite coating were summarized, of which the immersion method had advantages of simple operation, low pollution, low energy consumption, and good repeatability. Through methods such as chitosan, bovine serum albumin and polyurethane, the surface of fibers could be modified and the binding force between the graphene nanocomposite coating and the substrate could be enhanced to improve the comprehensive performance of graphene nanocomposite coating. The application and research status of graphene nanocomposite coated fibers and fabrics in electromagnetic shielding materials, hydrophobic materials, flexible electrodes, ultracapacitors, sensors and other fields are summarized, and the development is also prospected.